தொகுதி - 3, சிறப்பிதழ் - 3, தொகுதி - 3, சனவரி 2021
volume - 3, special lssue - 3, volume - 3, January 2021
Articles-55-81
வாழ்த்துரை
தமிழ்மொழி மற்றும் இலக்கியத்திற்காக எமது “தமிழ் மொழி மற்றும் இலக்கிய பன்னாட்டு ஆய்விதழ்” (IJTLLS) தம் இலக்கிய மற்றும் ஆராய்ச்சி அரும்பணியைச் செய்து வருகின்றது. இது எமது மூன்றாம் தொகுதியின் மூன்றாம் சிறப்பிதழாகும். தமிழ் மொழி மற்றும் இலக்கிய பன்னாட்டு ஆய்விதழ் (IJTLLS) செம்மையாய் செயல்பட்டு ஆய்வுக் கட்டுரைகளை இணையத்தில் பதிப்பு செய்து உள்ளது. எதிர்காலத்தில் தமிழ் ஆராய்ச்சிகளை உலக அரங்கத்திற்கு எடுத்துச் செல்ல ஓர் ஆய்வுக்களமாக எமது இதழ் செயல்பட்டு வருகிறது. அதற்கு உறுதுணை அளித்த அனைவருக்கும் நன்றி.
-பதிப்புக்குழு
55. தொல்காப்பிய உரை புலப்படுத்தும் சமயப் பின்புலம்
சு.மகேஷ் பாண்டி, முனைவர் சு.நயினார்
Religious Background Revealed in “Tholkappiyam”
S.Mahesh Pandi, Dr.S.Nainar
Abstract
“Tholkappiyam” has the some glimpses of religious ideologies. It was reexamined during the regime of Chozha and several interpretations were made on it. A noticeable addition of other languages is predominant in those interpretations. They contained the elements of both Tamil and Sanskrit customs. Ilampooranar's exposition has the stint of Saivites and Nachinaarkiniyar, Vaishnavites. Change of rule paves way for the historical events of compilation of Tamil texts and review and recreation of interpretations. Religious scholars approach these base texts with the spectacles of their own religious beliefs. The interpretations are replete with the flavor of religious fervor. This research focuses on the work and influence of religion on the interpretation of “Tholkappiyam”.
Keywords: Tholkappiyam, Ilampooranar, Saivites, Nachinaarkiniyar, Vaishnavites.
56. மூவர் தேவாரத்தில் திருமுதுகுன்றம்
முனைவர் இரா. மதன் குமார்
Thirumuthukundram in Muvar Thevaaram
Dr.R. Madhan Kumar
Abstract
The numbers of Nadunaattu Saiva temples are twenty-two. Thirumuthukundram is one of the temples from Nadunaadu. This temple was praised in ten Pathikams by the Muvar (Shaivate Spiritual Trio) in “Thevaram”. ThirugnanaSampandha Nayanaar praised Thirumuthukundram in seven Pathikams, Thirunavukkarasa Nayanar praised this temple in one Pathikam and Sundaramurthy Nayanar praised the temple in two Pathikams. Thevaara muvar insists on salvation with Pazhamalainathar through the practice of Bakthi. This article deals on the praise and glory about Thirumuthukundram in the above enunciated ten Pathikams. The study also discusses the devotional experiences of Thevaara muvar (Shaiva Spiritual Trio) in the holy abode Thirumuthukundarm and guides us to attain Salvation through Bhakti.
Keywords: Thirumuthukundram, Muvar “Thevaram”, Thirugnaanasampandha Nayanaar, Thirunavukkarasa Nayanar, Sundaramurthy Nayanar, Shaivate Spiritual Trio.
57. இல்லறமைப்பில் சைவம்
முனைவா் தி.மல்லிகா
Saivam in Domestic Life
Dr T. Mallika
Abstract
All living things in the world want bliss and peace. Pleasure is enjoyed by the subjects of the world. The goal of Tamil life is to leave the world and reach the bejeweled feet of the Lord. People suffer for their sins, the outcome of their pleasures. Developing the right spiritual consciousness and attaining union with the Lord ought to be the prime motto of the family men and women in Saiva sect. To attain the Lordship of the Lord one must follow the code of love. Saivam encompasses all living beings in the world to live in unity and render love to others. It also suggests the way of vegetarianism to get the spiritual elevation.
Keywords: Siva, Love, Pleasure, Bliss, Grace, Knowledge, Virtue, Elixir.
58. பிரகாமியம் வழி சிவனை அடைந்த மூலன்
அ.முருகலெட்சுமி
Transmigration of Soul that Unified Mulan with Shiva
A.Murugalakshmi
Abstract
The Lord is the only one who can be the absolute first companion to all living beings that can be born on earth. ‘No atom can move without him’ is an absolutely true statement and fact. More than any other living being, human beings live this worldly life with the sole aim of attaining each coming Lord. The Siddhas seek to attain the Lord in many ways. One of them is learning the Siddha practice. That is, to learn the Attama Siddhis and surrender his soul to the Lord. This article gives a detailed explanation of its methods and how Mulan reached the Lord through Tirumular’s transmigration of the soul.
Keywords: Siddar, Siddhigal, Soul, Piragamiyam, Transmigration, Soul
59. தமிழ் மரபில் சித்தர்களின் ஐந்தெழுத்து மந்திரம்
முனைவர் மைத்திரிஅன்பு
The Five Letter Mantra of the Siddhars in the Tamil Tradition
Dr.Mythreanbu
Abstract
The Siddhars were the greatest men who ever lived on earth. They are the ones who have the power to formalize theology and human ideology. The devotional ethics, beliefs, mantras, rituals, etc., referred by the Siddhas have come under a significant scrutiny for the religious conflicts that prevailed here after the Bhakti movement. In the present context, devotion can help to cultivate various restrictions and differences. In which sacredness is taught through their ideology. Apostasy is not the same for everyone. So religious conflicts exist but the theology referred by the Siddhas manifests itself as thought for ordinary human beings. In this context, this study explores the meaning of the five-letter mantra 'Namasivaya' in the Tamil language.
Keywords: Siddhars, Namasivaya, Five Letter Mantra, Niramozhi Mantra, Tamil Tradition.
60. திருமூலரின் சிவநெறி
ச.மோனிஷா
Thirumoolar's Shaiva Principle
S.Monisha
Abstract
Devotion is the virtue of love that has been dedicated to the Lord. Dictionaries define devotion as faith, worship or love. Disciples and devotees who have great faith in the Lord love him very dear to their heart. They constantly merge in remembrance of the Lord. When their love for the Lord matures, they praise the Lord. Songs related to devotion in Tamil literature are plenty. It is seen in many spiritual literary works as verses. Thera are sixty three Nayanmars. Thirumoolar is one of the much respected siddars. His “Thirumanthiram” deals with the spiritual philosophies. It enunciates the Shaiva principles to lead a good life. They are related to science and universe. This article focuses Tirumular's spiritual philosophies and examines Tirumular's Shiva neri (principle).
Keywords: Lord Siva, Nayanmarm Thirumoolar, “Thirumanthiram” Spiritual Philosophy.
61. காரைக்கால் அம்மையாரின் பக்தி நெறி
முனைவர் ம.வனிதா
Devotion of Goddess Karaikal Ammaiyar
DR.M.Vanitha
Abstract
In the Shaiva sect, Lord Shiva is worshiped as the absolute deity. “Periyapuranam” reveals the devotion of sixty-three Nayanmars evincing the true dedication of them. Among them, three of the Nayanmars are women, Karaikkal Ammayar, Isaignaniyar and Mangaiyarkarasiyar. The foremost of them is the Nayanmar saint Karaikal Ammaiyar She from her early age, was obliged to do charity for the Sivanadiyars and spend her time with devotion to Lord Shiva and cultivate a strong Shaiva devotion along with homelessness. This research paper is based on the study of the history of the Nayanmar saint Karaikal Ammaiyar and the grace of divinity endowed upon her.
Keywords: Devotion of Goddess, Karaikal Ammaiyar.
62. யுகங்கள் கடந்த காமபுரி சுயம்புநாதர்
தே.வித்யா, முனைவர் கு.சீனுவாசன்
The Immortal Kamapuri Swambunathar
D.Vidhya, Dr.K.Srinivasan
Abstract
Lord Chandrasekara has established as swambu in the place Kamapuri, near to Arani in Thiruvannamalai District. According to the chronology of the holy places, the God is considered Immortal and surpassed many Ages. He blesses the ones who come to his refuge. People pray the God to get his blessings in pious manner. The Mahila Tree is the holy tree of this holy place and has five Theerthas to evade the karma of the devotees. This article tries to bring down the facts about the temple and the God Shiva in Chandrsekara form.
Keywords: Kamapuri, Lord Chandrasekara, Immortal, Thiruvannamalai.
63. ஐந்திணைகளில் வழிபாடுகள்
வா.வினுப்பிரபா
Worship in the Five Lands
V. Vinuprabha
Abstract
Human life has many facets and an encyclopedia of various qualities. His virtues are the reasons for him to give up evil and live in a mature, civilized state. Sangam literature beautifully captures the lives of people full of ethical virtues. The doctrines of God were the first to bring man's energies under regulated control. Realizing that nature was intertwined with their lives, people worshiped it as a deity. Worship that originated on the basis of natural worship led to the worship of many deities over time. This article is designed to explore the importance of worship in the lives of Sangam people according to the Five Land areas as segregated by the Tamil People.
Keywords:Worship, Five Lands, Tamil People
64. ஆசீவக விழுமியங்கள்
சு.வினோதா
The Virtues of Aaseevagam
S.Vinotha
Aaseevagam was one of the oldest Tamil Religion. It has no idolatry. Now a day it has no more followers at all. Makkali Kosalar was the originator of this sect. He guided the life philosophy among the people of ancient Tamil Nadu. In Tamilnadu, Ayyanar is a deity of Tamilians. Ayyapan is also a Gos in present day Kerala. Makkalikosalar is called Ayyanar in the recent days. Elephant is the Logo of this religion. It exhibits the idea of strength, courage, patience and collective life to the followers. The eighteen steps of the Sabarimalai Ayyapan Temple resemble the six birth levels of Aaseevagam. So, Aaseevagam was not fully destroyed but it has transferred in to Ayyanar and Ayyapan worship and it becomes the theme of the study.
Keywords: Aaseevagam, Ayyanar Ayyapan Worship, Elephant Logo, Six Birth Stage.
65. கண்ணப்பநாயனாரைப் போற்றும் திருமுறை ஆசிரியர்கள்
ஜெ. விஜி, முனைவர் கு.கண்ணன்
Admiration of the Thirumurai Writers on Kannappa Nayanar
J.Viji, Dr.K.Kannan
For the Saiva religion, the twelve holy texts are the supreme ones that evince the glory of God Shiva through the divine experience. Even though there are sixty three Nayanmars, the twelve holy texts are praised and the twenty seven “Thevara” writers are world-famed. As per the words of Avvaiyar “It is to praise the devotees”, Nakkeerar and Kalladar have praised the bhakthi of Kannappa Nayanar. Thirugnana Sambanthar, Thirunavukkarasar and Sundarar have glorified the divine actions of Kannappa Nayanar in their songs. Hence, the article decodes the admiration of the thirumurai writers on Kannappa Nayanar and his devotion to lord Shiva.
Keywords: Kannappanayanar, Bakthi, Vazhibadu, Anbu.
66. பக்தி இசையில் தோடி ராகம்
வலிவலம் R.S. வெங்கட்ராமன், முனைவர் ரெ.எழில்ராமன்
Thodi Ragam in Bhakthi Isai
VALIVALAM R.S. Venkatraman, Dr. R. Ezhilraman
Music, especially devotional music can explore the tenderness of the hard-hearted. In a Tamil movie song, music is represented as “when the music plays earth moves on ecstasy.” Devotional music made out the sense of human pleasure in various terms and forms. God can be seen through the devotional music. They are certain forms which includes “Devaram” and “Thiruppugazh”. In that, Thodi Raagam is an important raga while creating devotional songs. This article elucidates the nature of devotional music and the characteristics of Thodi Raagam that converge artist to enlight humans to praise god.
Keywords: Thodi Ragam, Bhakthi Isai, Divine Songs, Tamil Music.
67. தமிழ் இலக்கியத்தில் கிறித்தவத்தின் பங்கு
அ. வெங்கடேஸ்வரி, முனைவர் அ. ஜாண்பால்
The Role of Christianity in Tamil Literature
A. Venkateswari, Dr. A. Johnpaul
Tamil language is known for its wealth and prosperity in its literature. The world of Tamil literature has been deeply developed with dense and beautiful, vibrant poems and songs. A part of Christian tamil literature are the works of Europeans paved the development of Tamil language and literature in religious perspective. They learnt tamil for the purpose of spreading christian religion. The Europeans gave their part in tamil through activities like typography, dictionary compilation, translation, speech literature compilation, prose development etc. There are tamil Christians also who have given their part in tamil literature.
Keywords: Literature, Poems and Songs, Europeans, Christianity.
68. எட்டுத்தொகை அகநூல்களில் சிவ வழிபாட்டின் நிறங்கள்
நா.ரம்யா, முனைவர் ஆ.மகாலட்சுமி
Hue and Shiva Worship in the Internal Literature of “Ettuthokai”
N.Ramya, Dr A.Mahalakshmi
Records of worship are widespread in Sanskrit literature. Most of the people worship the deities according to the land and the environment in which they live. However, the “Tolkappiyam” proves that none of the people of the land worshiped Lord Shiva as their primary deity. Although there were many deities worshiped during the Sangam period, the worship of Shiva has been the primary worship there. The hymns of God clarify the eight volumes of “Akananuru”, “Purananuru”, “Aingurunuru” and “Kalittokai”. Lord Shiva has been glorified by the great Puluvars. The purpose of this article is to examine the records of Lord Shiva's Mani, the color of the garland worn, and the color of the water on the body.
Keywords: Hue, Shiva Worship, Internal Literature, “Ettuthokai”.
69. பாவைப் பாடல்களில் பக்தி சார் அறிவியல் கூறுகள்
முனைவர் ம.ராணி
Bhakthi Oriented Scientific Elements in Paavai Padagal
Dr M.Rani
In this article, one can see that “Thirupavai” and “Thiruvembavai” are the spiritual works from Tamil Literature that record the scientific elements that supports human life. These devotional literatures that sing music with Tamil gives lots of scientific facts that would give rich health physically and mentally. The purpose of the fast and its benefits can be deduced from these two literatures. It is possible that Tamil literature has been handed down for generations because of its openness to devotion and science. The present day man has to struggle and live with his environment. The purpose of this article is to show that contemporary people who live without knowing the environment and the science around them in the spiritual works can know how to redeem themselves through the adoption of the sacred principles as evinced in the hymns.
Keywords: Tamil Literature, Devotional Literature, “Thirupavai”, “Thiruvembavai”, Scientific Elements.
70. பாண்டிய நாட்டு சிவத்தலங்களில் திருப்பூவணம்
முனைவர் ஆ. இராஜா
Shiva Temple of Thiruppuvanam in Pandiya Kingdom
Dr. A. Raja
Thiruppuvanam is one of the most famous Shiva temples in Pandiya country. It takes equal place to Kasi temple of Varanasi. It was worshiped by the triumvirs Chera, Chozha, and Pandiya Kings. We can see here the Lord Shiva performed a special alchemy in the role of saga for his devotee Ponnanaiyal which is said in 36th Thiruvilaiyadal out of 64. The Shaiva saints had sung holy hymns on this holy place. Hence, the article tries to focus on the temple and its chronology and the legendary events related to the temple.
Keywords: Pandiya’s Kingdom, Saivam, Shiva Temple, Thiruppuvanam, Ponnanaiyal
71. ஆழ்வார்களின் திருவேங்கடப் பாசுரங்கள்
நா.ரெங்கலட்சுமி
Thiruvenkata Hymns of Alvars
N.Rengalakshmi
Vaishnavism is the sect of Hindu religion of. During the Vaishnava period, twelve priests were said to be famous. The 6th to the 9th century AD is considered to be the period of the Twelve Alvars. The Vaishnava world can be called a renaissance due to the arrival of the Alvars. The songs of the Alvars were compiled by the Natamunis. The anthology was called “Four Thousand Divya Prabandham”. Two hundred and two songs in the Four Thousand Divya Prabandham are about Thiruvenkadamalayana. Thiruvenkadamalai is the name of the Lord Tirupatham in Thirumalai. It is also known as Thiruvenkadamalai; it is a great honor to have the Lord Tirupatham praised in a holy manner. Among the twelve Alvars, Poikaiyalvar, Poothathalvar, Peyalvar, Kulasekara Alvar, Periyarvar, Nammazhvar, Thirupanazhvar, Thirumangaiyalvar and Andal have sung hymns in praise of Venkateswara. This article is based on the hymns sung to Venkateswara by the Alvars.
Keywords: Thiruvenkatam, Hymns, Alvars, “Thiruvaimozhi”, “Nachiyar Thirumozhi”
72. திருப்பாவையில் பண்பாட்டுக் கூறுகள்
முனைவர் த.க.ஜாஸ்மின் சுதா
Cultural Traits in “Thiruppavai”
Dr.T.K.Jasmin Sudha
All spiritual works will emit the cultural glimpses in the text. “Thiruppavai” is one of the famous Vaishnava texts that praise the glory of Lord Vishnu. The fasting at the Markazhi (December) was observed by the Tamil people from many years back. It can be seen in the Sangam period devotional literature. Cultural elements such as rituals, beliefs, social status, and the poetic language of the time are expressed in the holy treatise “Thiruppavai”. This article goes into detail about the cultural festivals, rituals as seen in the work.
Keywords: Markazhi Fasting, Tamil Culture, “Thiruppavai”
73. தமிழ் இலக்கியத்தில் சமணர்களின் தமிழ்த்தொண்டு
த. இலட்சுமன்
Tamil Literary Contribution of the Jains
T.Lakshman
All the religious literatures help man to live an ethical in this birth. In particular, the Jain literature plays an important role in this. It can be said that no one else thinks of individual human and social morals. Truthfulness, love and human virtues are practiced by the Jain. Thus a large number of texts appeared in Tamil emphasizing the principles of the Jain religion. Most of the charitable literature is based on the Jain religion. The doctrine of Jainism was most suitable for the Tamils who lived in harmony with nature. Thus a large number of Tamil texts appeared using the principles of the Jain religion. Most of the literature that appeared during the Sangam Maruviya period is of the Jain religion. The contribution done by Jains to Tamil is immeasurable. Many of the Samana works have perished. However, based on only a few texts, one can examine the merits of the Tamil charity performed by the Jains.
Keywords: Jains, Contribution, Tirthankara, Tamil Literature, Spiritualism.
74. திருவாசகத்தில் அட்டவீரச் செயல்கள்
மா.ஜெயக்குமார், முனைவர் க.சிங்காரவேலு
Eight Heroic Deeds in “Thiruvasagam”
M.Jayakumar, Dr.K.Singaravelu
“Tiruvachakam” is a celebrated spiritual epic of Tamil Literature. It is one of the best books among Saiva Thirumuraikal (Shaiva Holy Works). Manikkavasakar who wrote the “Tiruvachakam” has mentioned many facets of Lord Shiva’s Grace. Lord Shiva has done eight feats of heroism and id depicted in the holy book “Tiruvachakam”. This research paper discusses on the eight feats that how the Lord has volunteered to do it in action to safeguard his devotees.
Keywords: “Tiruvachakam”, Manikkavasakar, Thirumuraikal, Shiva’s Grace, Heroic deeds.
75. பக்தி திறக் கோட்பாட்டில் காரைக்காலம்மையாரும் ஆண்டாளும் – ஓர் ஒப்பீடு
வெ. ஜெயந்தி, முனைவர் என். விஜயலட்சுமி
A Comparison of Karaikal Ammaiyar and Andal in the Doctrine of Devotion
V. Jayanthi, Dr. N. Vijayalakshmi
Hymns that express love for the Lord became known as devotional literature. Shaivism and Vaishnavism play a major role in this devotional literature. Karaikal Ammayar, one of the 63 Nayanmars in the Shaiva religion, and the hymns of it has excelled the Vaishnava religion in its verve and devotion. Karaikal Ammaiyar and Andal were responsible for the emergence of a new literary genre. Karaikal Ammaiyar was the one who excelled in chanting Shiva; Andal thought that she should have Narayana as her husband. Karaikal Ammaiyar is the one, who has the distinction of calling Lord Shiva as ‘Ammaiye’. The one who wore the garland she wore to Narayanan and enjoyed herself was the one who lit the torch. Thus, Karaikal Ammaiyar and Andal go hand in hand in the straight line of devotion through their songs.
Keywords: Devotional Literature, Saivam, Vaishnavism, Karaikal Ammaiyar, Andal
76. இராமயண சிற்பங்கள் உணர்த்தும் பக்தி
முனைவர் ச.ஜெயஸ்ரீ
Realizing Devotion in Ramayana Sculptures
Dr.S.Jeyashree
The “Ramayana” is being existing as myths, puranas, and oral literature even before the historic periods in India. “Ramayana” has been spread over South East Asian Countries also. In Tamil Nadu, Early Seventh Century was the period of Devotional Movement. During this period Azhvars and Nayanmars were born and upheld their Vaishnavite and Saivite religious fervour respectively. Even though Ramayana had been written by Valmiki in Sanskrit, it was translated in several languages and developed the devotion among the people in India. Kamban, through the Azhvar's Poems and Literatures, and based on the Tamil culture and legacy wrote his Kamba “Ramayanam”. Temple's connection with Epic's and folklore has flourished after the Sangam Period and it has been considered as development of the Religious World. We would be able to know that development of Epics during the Guptha's period through their sculptures. During this period, presenting Ramayana by way of Arts had occurred. In continuity, there was advancement of Arts and there are plentiful of Ramayana Sculptures are in the temples. In this Research we will see some these events.
Keywords: Ramayana, Kamban, Sculptures, Temple, Arts, Epic, Devotion, Religion.
77. ஆழ்வார்கள் நாயன்மார்கள் பக்தியில் புலனாகும் தெய்வீக அன்பு
முனைவர் பி.ஸ்ரீதேவி
Divine Love in the Devotion of Azhwars and Nayanmars
Dr. P. Sridevi
Bhakti, the unconditional love offered by the devotees to their God is the love of higher value. Believers and seekers of God intend to reach such higher state of mind where God is prevalent in everything and realize material things no more exist. Fanaticism ends and spirituality blossoms there. Azhwarkal and ‘Nayanmarkal’ of Tamil Bhakthi tradition are the saints who attained higher level of Bhakthi and stand as a archetypal models to attain the bliss of Bhakthi. Classical Tamil literatures possess rich Bhakthi literary texts that stand as testimonies to the Bhakthi of ‘Vaishnavite’ Azhwars and Saivite ‘Nayanmars’. Their unconditional deep love for God sets standards for a yearning devotee. This research paper studies the divine love in their Bhakti.
Keywords: Bhakti, Azhwar, Nayanmar, divine love, Saivam, Vaishnavism.
78. ஆலயங்களிள் இசைக்கருவியின் பங்கு
செ. ஹரிகரன்
The Role of Classical Instruments in Temples
S. Hariharan
Prayer without music is equal to a corpse without life. Ancient Tamil people channelized song, music and dance exclusively for praying God. Temples are the paramount icons of Indian Culture. We devotedly enter into temple to taste great music, and to experience visual treat of dance and the bliss of seeing the God. Moreover singer, musicians and dancers have been appointed permanently in each and every temple. These artists serve for God whole-heartily generation after generation. The present essay aims to explain in detail about their service and the role of music in Temples.
Keywords: Classical Instruments, Temples, Tamil Culture, Devotion, Music Artists.
79. The Tale of an Anklet: An Eco-feminist Interpretation
Lt. Dr. B. Ajantha
A study Eco-feminism is an existing field of research in modern critical tradition. This deals with how women all over the world have been interpreted with nature. It also deals with the present eco-crisis and the oppression on women in comparison. A transformative approach to the diversity of women’s experience of nature undermines all kinds of control and oppression and nurtures a theory of nature that includes care, compassion, interdependence and mutuality. The eco-feminist consciousness in Indian tradition is the earliest and the most archaic one. Ilanko Adigal’s Cilappatikaram delineates the patterns of eco-feminist consciousness, motifs, practices and values which are embedded in the contributory strands of the archaic Tamil cultural tradition.
Keywords: Eco-feminism, Feminism, Landscape, Tamil Culture, Motifs.
80. ‘Ramanatakam’ of Arunachala Kavirayar- An Epic Simplified through Music
Dr K Bindu
Eighteenth-Nineteenth century has been considered as the golden period of Carnatic music. Due to the enormous royal patronage, the soil of Thanjavur and the surroundings has been blessed to flourish with many composers of art music, Dance music and Sacred music. The literary contributions of “Thamizh Moovar” (Tamil Trinity) are momentous for the growth of poetic literature in Tamil. They are Muthu Thandavar, Marimutha Pillai and Arunachala Kavirayar who lived in the Pre-Tyagaraja period. The gorgeous tradition of music could be inherited, only through the series of these composers and musicians, who have been the authors as well as interpreters of various musical forms. Among these composers, Arunachala Kavirayar, with his great knowledge in Tamil, composed “Ramanataka Keerthanas” in simple Tamil. Since simple keerthanas are easy to sing and recollect, he wrote the whole “Ramayanam” in the form of Keerthanas. These keerthanas became so popular throughout South India and these are used in both the musical performance as well as dance drama. They are also merged with Bhakthi. So the paper tries to cull down the essence of the chosen topic.
Keywords: Tamil, Arunachala Kavirayar, Ramayana, Ramanatakam, Daru,.
81. Surrendering to the Almighty through the Bhakti Maarga – A Soul Searching
Journey of C. Rajagopalachari’s Ramayana
Dr. S. Jayanthi
In Hinduism, Bhakti emphasises the mutual and intense emotional attachment and love of a devotee towards his personal God and of the God for the devotee. It started with the Saiva Nayanars and the Vaisnava Alwars who lived between the 5th and 9th Century CE. The movement helped to spread bhakti poetry and ideas throughout India. The present paper attempts to contemplate the impact of the Avathaar of Vishnu, Rama, on mankind. It studies the moral values and dharma followed by a divine being who takes the human form to rid the world away of sin and adharma.
Keywords: Submission, Bhakthi, Soul, Ramayana, Rajagopalachari.