1. ஞானக்கூத்தன் கவிதைகளில் சித்தர் தத்துவப் பதிவுகள்

ர. ஆர்த்தி, முனைவர் ச. பிரியதர்சினி

Siddhar Philosophy in the Poetry of Gnanakoothan

R. Aarthi, Dr. C. Priyadharshini

Abstract

Ever since man began to think, he has been trying to concentrate his mind's energy. Siddhas are those who concentrate their energy inwardly and see the Lord within themselves and merge with it. Siddhas know the tricks of the Transformation of souls. They are those who do the siddhis that make the soil into gold, who chanted lofty ideas like life is an illusion, alchemy, raja yoga and high philosophy to merge with the only Lord Shiva. There are eighteen siddhars in Tamil Nadu. More others also existed and yet living now in the modern world. The Siddha Gurus who live and the ancient ones in Tamil Nadu have laid down the four principles of medicine, argumentation, yoga and wisdom. They sang uplifting and meaningful philosophies for the betterment of people. This paper is about the way poet Gnanakoothan deals with Siddhas' philosophical ideas in his poetry.

Keywords: Siddhar Philosophy, Poetry, Tamil Poet, Gnanakoothan.

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2. தொல்காப்பியச் செய்யுளியல் ஆராய்ச்சி: கற்றல் / கற்பித்தல் பாங்கு

முனைவர் சத்தியராஜ் தங்கச்சாமி

Tolkappiya Grammatical Research: Learning / Teaching Method

Dr. Sathiyaraj Thangasamy

Abstract

The book “Tolkaappiyach cheyyuliyal aaraichi” on the Katral / Karpithal Method (learning / teaching method) was written by Adikalasiriyar. It raises the importance of scientific approach, for a system that is neither conscious nor unconscious. Adikalasiriyar emphasizes that the book written by Tolkappiyar is an important area to be taught and learnt. Any work has the potential to be learning / teaching methods within the metaconcept. Therefore, this article presents the metaconcept possibility of Katral / Karpithal panku (learning / teaching methods) embedded in the research text. Moreover, the book emphasises that the intellectual world did not realize the importance of philosophy. This can be realized by emphasizing that the author of Tolkappiyar's Seikuliyal is an important part to be learned / taught. So, one can see that the learning / teaching characteristics are inherent in this book. Hence, it is vital to identify the learning / teaching qualities that are inherent in the text of the Adikalasiriyar. By this, one can find out what type of learning / teaching activities will fall into the desired categories. Then only a definition can be made to identify and identify the common elements within learning / teaching among the speakers. It can be understood that any work in this context falls within the conceptual framework of 'learning / teaching style'. In this study, it has been found that there are rule + explanation + evidence + opinion, explanation + rule + reason teaching + evaluation, and the summarizing of teaching, and question and answers to complete understanding. In such a way, this article highlights that research in Tolkaappiya Grammar Research within the general framework of the reconceptualization of learning / teaching methods and brings new solutions to the teaching and learning methods.

Keywords: Tolkappiyam, Grammatical research, Adigalasiriyar, Learning and Teaching Method.

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3. புலவர் நாஞ்சில் நாரண. தொல்காப்பியன் மரபுக்கவிதைகளில் நட்புறவு

ர. சந்தியா, முனைவர் இரா. சொர்ணபமிலா

Pulavar Nanjil Narana. Tolkappian’s Idea of Friendship in his Traditional Poetry

R. Santhiya, Dr. R. Sorna Bamila

Abstract

Tamil Nadu, at the time of the Sangam period, is rich in natural resources and artificial capabilities. Tamil Nadu displayed a bliss full of knowledge, manliness, grace and substance. The Sangam area was distinguished by the poetry of artistic poets and the benevolence of generous patrons. The spirit of living together was prevalent among all the Tamils belonging to the Sangam period. During the Sangam period, people, kings and poets tended to consider each other as relatives. Most of the kings lived with the best poets in the field of poetry as their mentors and guides. All the royal functions were conducted under the moral ideas of poets. Poet Nanjila Narana. Tolkappiyan (Arirama Kritinan) created an epic about the relationship between such kings and poets through his traditional poetry. Due to the diligence of the author, traditional poems such as “Tamilukutalai”, “Muppal Muthalvan”, “Muthamil Nithilam”, “Thirumavalavan”, “Azhiya Athigan”, “Kurinji Kapilan”, “Murusukkattil Moshikeeran”, “Poraiyanum Poikaiyarum” and “Nanjil Valluvan” were produced. These traditional poems, “Kurinji Kapilan”, “Porayanum and Poikaiyarum”, and “Azhiya Athigan” highlight the importance of friendship between King- Poet (Pulavar). Only poets were given the right to point out the mistakes of the kings. Kapilar is one of the distinguished parents who presides over the Pulavar groups in such a proud Tamil Nadu. The great poet Kapilar and Vallal Pari's friendship, Arul Vallal Pegan, who felt that he shivered from the cold when he heard the peacock's song, threw his blanket to the peacock and pointed out the depravity of morals due to climate change, and Cheran Porayan, who is imprisoned by Chola, sings his praises to Chola through the song “Kalavazhi Narpadhu”. Pulavar Nanji Narana. Tolkappiyan expresses through his traditional poems, the love of Poikaiyar who freed the Tamil through poetry, the greatness of the Thagadoor leader who gave Sagavaram to Tamil and increased the strength of friendship to increase the wealth of Tamil so that the pride of Tamil should not diminish soon. His works give an epic form to the life of the Sangam period and spread the glory in the form of traditional poetry.

Keywords: Pulavar Nanjil Narana. Tolkappian, Idea of Friendship, Traditional Poetry.

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4. மணிமேகலை - பூதநெறி காட்டும் காட்சி அளவை

முனைவர் லி. சிவகுமார்

Manimegalai - Logic Perception of Bootha Philosoph

Dr. L. Sivakumar

Abstract

Religions are understood by taking elements such as philosophy, logic, cosmology etc. The Buddha philosophy, which was famous in ancient times, also had these elements. There are also books explaining them in Tamil. “Manimegalai”, a Tamil epic explaining the Buddhist tradition, also explains the religious elements of the Bootha tradition. “Manimegalai” categorizes religions on a logical basis. Among them is the Bootha philosophy which accepts the visual dimension (perception). The philosophical work of Sivajnana Sidhiyar Parappakkam explains the fundamentals of ‘Katchi Alavai’ (logic of perception) of Bootha philosophy. But this book briefly explains the perception of Bootha philosophy. The logic covered is detailed in “Manimegalai”. Based on this, the perception of the Bootha philosophy is reconstructed. The logic of Bootha philosophy is called Ulgaayatham. This Ulagaayatham philosophy uses the visual dimension (perception) to deny God and metaphysics. This philosophy uses the visual dimension to refute the transcendental doctrine of Buddhism. Sivajnana Sidhiyar Parappakkam explains in detail the perception of Bootha philosophy and divides it into six parts Vayil Katchi, Ayyak Katchi, Thirivuk Katchi, Vikarpak Katchi, Anvayak Katchi, Vethiregak Katchi. Vayil katchi represents knowledge through the five senses. Ayyak katchi suggests doubt, thirivuk katchi suggests a sense of wrong and vikarpak katchi also provides detailed information about the seeing object. anvayak katchi and vethiregak katchi also represents inference-related perception. This article studies the logical perception of Bhootha philosophy in the epic “Manimegalai”.

Keywords: Manimegalai, Logical Perception, Bootha Philosophy.

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5. பெருங்கருணையம்மை பிள்ளைத்தமிழ் கூறும் அவிநாசித் திருத்தலத்தின் சிறப்புக்களும் வழிபாட்டு முறைகளும்

திருமதி ந. தமிழரசி, முனைவர் ஆ. மகாலட்சுமி

Special Features and Worship Traditions of Avinasi Temple as Evinced in Perunkarunaiammai Pillaithamil

Mrs. N. Tamilarasi, Dr. A. Mahalakshmi

Abstract

Worship was essential for man to know himself and to live in harmony with society when he sought to live a morally depraved life. When the virtues and social morals in human life are well respected and followed, people's lives become pure and happy. Religions were formed to teach people virtue and morality when they lost their morals. Later on, they brought in idolatry as well. Then temples started to be formed. These later became community centres. They also served as food halls for the poor and the disabled. But it must be said that the ancient cults were completely different from this. They were very afraid of natural disasters such as hurricanes, storms, volcanic eruptions, and ocean waves. They fully believed that there was a power in the universe beyond themselves. Because of that, they worshipped nature itself as God. Because of that worship, nature also protected itself. As human civilization grew, the temples also became more and more. The nature of each clan as one God changed and they built and worshipped their temples according to their religion and clan. The state of worshipping the Lord by dividing the God based on caste and building their temples has developed. Religious sages lived without selfishness and devoted their lives to the people and their needs. When any evil befell the people or the kings, they protected them from evil. In this way, Avinashi is a special place that was praised by religious gurus like Arunagirinathar, Appar, Sundarar, and Manikkavasakar. The thalapurana mentions that Avinasiyappar is the one who existed from the root of Vishwanatha in Kashi. Thus, this article is based on the merits of the divine Avinasi temple and the methods of worship.

Keywords: Special Features, Worship Traditions, Avinasi Temple, Pillaithamil.

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6. ஒரு தசாப்த காலத்திற்கு முன்னர் இலங்கையின் பொருளாதார நெருக்கடி மற்றும் அதன் அவலத்தைப் பற்றி பேசிய 'கருப்பை தருக்கணிப்பு' நாடகம்

தேவநாயகம் தேவானந்த், முனைவர் த. ஜெய்சக்திவேல்

Portrayal of the Existing Sri Lanka's Economic Crisis and its Tragedy
in a Decade Old Tamil play 'Karuppai Tharukkanippu'

Thevanayagam Thevananth, Dr. T. Jaisakthivel

Abstract

Sri Lanka is facing a massive economic crisis (2022), facing many crises like lack of money, food shortage, poverty, unemployment etc. Many are fleeing the country to escape the crisis and starvation and malnutrition are expected. The drawback is that the present literary works do not speak about this situation. In general, Tamil plays have mostly dealt with social problems, life inequalities, political issues, and the uplifting of the oppressed. In this background, the research aims to find a peculiar Tamil play that talk about economic policy and economic activities and to encourage such plays for research with a deep social perspective in the future to avoid such a massive crisis. Ten years ago, the play ‘Karuppai Tharukkanippu’ was produced by Active Theater Movement in Northern Sri Lanka and performed in a public place during the military crisis in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. It talks about the decline in productivity and the attraction of people to import consumption, the destruction of the earth's fertility and the Sri Lankan people being made to be unproductive and only aware of consumption, which will lead to death and misery in the future. It is an extraordinary drama that anticipates the economic crisis in Sri Lanka. Here, the research has been carried out from an auto-ethnographic point of view based on the theory of community theatre, where the researcher himself was also a participant.

Keywords: Sri Lanka's Economic Crisis, Tragedy, Tamil Play, Karuppai Tharukkanippu.

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7. தத்துவ நோக்கில் கந்தபுராணம் காட்டும் சோமாஸ்கந்த வடிவம்

க. பவித்ரா, முனைவர் சு. பரணி

A Philosophical View on the Form of Somaskandha Portrayed in Kandhapuranam

K. Pavithra, Dr. S. Bharani

Abstract

“Periyapuranam”, “Kandhapuranam” and “Tiruvilayadal Puranam” are the best works of Tamil Puranic literature. Among them, the “Kandhapuranam” describes in detail the birth of Lord Muruga to the death of Soorabanman and Muruga's divine marriages. Although the main plot is the death of Soorabanman, it can be seen that “Kandhapuranam” also praises more about the eternal god, Lord Shiva. The eight special natures and five activities of Lord Shiva are pointed out and the events caused by the Lord's energy are also clearly depicted. The grace of God is very necessary for the souls who are bound by the triads of Aanava, Kanma and Maaya (arrogance, pride and vanity) to realize God, to know their condition and to dare to attain salvation. The Lord thus bears the form to grace the souls. Each of those forms has a meaning behind it. There is a chance for souls to mature when they realize them. In this way, this article examines the history of the appearance of the Somaskanda Murtham, which appears in the “Kandhapuranam”, and the philosophical thought conveyed through that form.

Keywords: Philosophical View, Somaskandha, Portrayal, Kandhapuranam.

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8. பாரதியார் கவிதைகளில் நகை என்னும் மெய்ப்பாடு

செ. பவித்ரா, முனைவர் ஆ. மகாலட்சுமி

Gesture and Humour in the Poems of Bharathiyar

S. Pavithra, Dr. A.  Mahalakshmi

Abstract

Nagai (smile) can be said to be an expression of pleasure or happiness. Every human born can say that there is no limit to our happiness when we get something that we need. When we attain happiness our mind is filled with pleasure. Our face blossoms with this pleasure. Happiness spread the petals of life and makes everyone smile. Laughter is an antidote to sadness. A good example of this is the saying that if you laugh with your mouth and for others you will get sick. If you smile wholeheartedly, anyone can come out from sickness. No matter how much suffering we face, we can overcome it with a smile. Expressions of happiness often cause us to laugh. Also, laughter appears to us without realizing it in the work of mocking others.  Bharathiyar is a great Tamil poet who has humorously written the realities of life. It seems a satire on the existing patriarchal norms of society. Thus, Bharathiyar’s poems are with the taste of humour to evince the nature of humour and smile as expressions of pleasure. These elements are explored in this article.

Keywords: Bharathiyar, Poems, Reality, Humour.

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9. கு.சின்னப்பபாரதி நாவல்களில் ஆண் பாத்திரங்களின் உளவியல்

பொ. பாலுசாமி, முனைவர் பொ. வெங்கடேசன்

Psychology of Male Characters in the Novels of Ku.Chinnappabharathi

P. Balu Samy, Dr. P. Venkatesan

Abstract

In the Tamil literary tradition, Sangham literature has a psychological perspective. Most of the Sangham songs are internal, Agam means-in inside, they describe the thoughts that arise in the mind by simulating the thematic events. Not only the communication, but one can feel that the 'psychological' activity of understanding the inner is inherent. Science says that people are those who operate half of the body and the rest of the soul. Therefore, the place of psychological activities in the literature of the people can be equal. At present, it is the need of time to approach literature with the view of 'psychology' which is an essential part of scientific fields. Modern Tamil literature (novels) is about the contemporary life of the Tamil people. The writer invents what he has seen and heard in his native language. The role of the mind in human dialectic is more important. In Tamil fiction, there are also impressions of psychology. Explaining psychological impressions with psychological theories and psychoanalytical ideas is vital today. The new path of seeing psychology used in literature demands new techniques. Hence, approaching literature from different perspectives leads to a pluralistic reading, related to literature, the psychology of the creator, the psychology of character creation, the psychology related to the publication of works, etc. becomes pertinent. In Tamil Literature, Ku. Chinnappabharathi is a modern writer who employs psychological features in his novels. His male characters are a clear example of it. This article deals with the psychological thoughts that appear in the way of 'male characters' in the novels of Ku. Chinnappabharathi.

Keywords: Psychology, Male Characters, Novels, Ku.Chinnappabharathi.

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10. கம்பராமாயணத்தில் அரவாணிகள் குறித்தப் பதிவுகள்

முனைவர் க. மங்கையர்க்கரசி

Portrayal of Transgender in Kambaramayana

Dr. G. Mangaiyarkkarasi

Abstract

Male and female are the natural creations of the Almighty. Apart from these two, Transgender are also the manifestation of nature by all means.  It is a scientific fact that Transgender are born with one unique gender i.e., neither as a male nor as a female because of the variations in the biological proportion of the body concerned. This being the reality with great desperation, they are carrying on their life undergoing several physical, mental and psychological problems that cannot be put into words. Out of the 46 Chromosomes in the human body, only one makes the differentiation between Male and Female gender which is termed as a kind of natural scientific certainty.  Hormonal changes in the body associated with psychological feelings and emotions became the reasons for ethnic gender transformations at large nowadays.  During ancient times, Transgender held the highest positions such as bodyguards and security guards in several Kingdoms. Several references are found to be seen about transgender right from “Tholkappiyam” of the ancient Tamil literature to the latest composition of New Verses in Tamil by the present poets. Legendary Poet Kambar has also made references to the Transgender in his great epic “Kambaramayana”. In Hinduism also, Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati will construe together to have a single form of Shivshakthi in the name of Ardhanaareeshwar which most of Us are very well aware of. Likewise in the ancient great epic of “Mahabaratha” Lord Vishnu will transform himself into a Mohini for a noble cause. Now let us examine and explore the possibility of how Almighty the Supreme Power used to have this kind of peculiar transformation as envisaged by the Laudable Tamil poet Kambar in his “Kambaramayana”.

Keywords: Portrayal, Transgender, Kambaramayana.

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11. நாலடியாரில் உடலும் மனமும்

ச. மாலதி, முனைவர் ஆ. மணவழகன்

Body and Mind in Naladiyar

S. Malathi, Dr. A. Manavazhahan

Abstract

According to science, the body and the mind are interdependent. Daily occurrences evoke both happy and sad emotions. Humans experience these feelings on a physical as well as mental level. Even though technology is improving nowadays, basic human needs like peace and health are declining. In these circumstances, understanding the ancient Tamil people's lifestyle, which was linked with nature, is essential. Sangam Tamil literature advises about the need to maintain physical health and the benefits of mental health. The book “Naladiyar” had many messages regarding the body-mind connection and the necessity of maintaining it. Additionally, information on bodily components, structure, and movement can be found, revealing the ancient time's anatomical understanding. It is necessary to demonstrate to younger generations how the ancient Tamils' way of life maintained their physical and mental well-being. The purpose of this study, entitled “Body and Mind in Naladiyar”, is to learn how ancient Tamils kept their physical and mental health in the context of modern society when techniques for doing so are increasingly materialistic and professional.

Keywords: Body, Mind, Naladiyar.

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12. பழந்தமிழ் நாட்டில் பண்டமாற்று முறை வணிகம்

ஷா. முஹம்மது அஸ்ரின், முனைவர் த. செல்வராசு

Barter System of Trade in Ancient Tamil Nadu

S. Mohamed Azrin, Dr. T. Selvaraju

Abstract

The ancient Tamil people classified the lands where they lived into five categories according to their characteristics and nature. They named the mountain region 'Kurinji', the forest region as 'Mullai', the field region as 'Marutham', the sea region as 'Neithal' and the desert region as 'Palai'. Apart from the desert region, the other four regions are endowed with natural resources to carry out business activities. It can be known through Sangam's literary songs that the ancient Tamil people have been making use of these natural resources properly. In each land area, each type of activity was carried out and each type of product was produced. In some lands, products are available naturally without human efforts. Products of land were not grown in other lands because of the land's characteristic nature. Therefore, the Tamil people of that time, who wanted to use the products of all the lands, exchanged one land product with another land product. Elephant, Elephant’s Ivory, Honey, Tuber from Hill areas, Deer, Venison, Buffalo, Cow, Beef, Milk, Curd, Buttermilk from Forest areas, Paddy, Cereals, Sugarcane from Field areas, Pearl, Salt, and Fish from Coastal areas were used as exchange products in a domestic barter system of trade. This act led to the emergence of the trading process of trade known as barter and later on currencies emerged as a medium of exchange used for a trading process. Several songs from the Eight Anthologies (Ettuthokai) & Ten Idylls (Pattupattu) which are known as Sangam Literature implies the barter system of trade, things used in barter trade and the role of men and women in this trade. Thus, this article delineates and compares these evidences with the statements of Tamil scholars regarding barter trade in a detailed way.

Keywords: Sangam Literatures, Barter Trade, Trade, Ancient Tamil Nadu.

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13. கயிலாசநாதர் சதகம் வெளிப்படுத்தும் நம்பிக்கைக் கூறுகள்

மு. வடிவேல், முனைவர் இரா. மல்லிகா

Exposure of Faith in Kailasanathar Sathagam

M. Vadivel, Dr. R. Mallika

Abstract

Faith is one of the basic virtues of human beings. Every individual keeps faith in mind. Based on that, belief in God is the paramount virtue of life. It is the main belief of people today that Godessess Lakshmi resides in all special things and places. To further strengthen this belief, people worship Lakshmi for one day every year on Navratri days. It is also believed that wherever Moodevi Goddess is opposed to Goddess Lakshmi, evil is Matched. There is an ancient way of seeing omens. Among them, the results of the lizard falling on the body, the call of the cow, the screech of the owl, the sneezing, etc. are believed to be omens. They are still in belief today. Also, it is believed that if the crow flies, guests will come to the house. Also, there is a belief that if there are animals and windows that do not come in between while going for good deeds, then one should not abandon the intended work that will not be successful. However, there is also a belief that good things will happen if a water-filled jug, milk jug, palakani, sumangali (Married Woman), children, and double Brahmin come in front of each other. The belief that good and evil will result is based on the 18 Nakshatras associated with the 12 Zodiacs has also in belief. The article plans to describe the beliefs and other taboos found in “Kailasanathar Sathagam”.

Keywords: Exposure, Faith, Kailasanathar Sathagam.

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14. புறநானூற்றில் வேடர் இனவரைவியல்

முனைவர் சு. வினோத்

Ethnography of Veddas in Purananooru

Dr. S. Vinodh

Abstract

Sangam Literature is a biographical record of the Ancient Tamil People. One of the Sangam texts, “Purananooru”, is a ‘historical repository and an ‘ethnographic’ document. “Purananooru” can be considered an ethnographic repository of various ethnic groups like Kuravas, Ayars, and Paratavars. The poets who interacted with the lives of the ancient people have recorded their life and characteristics of the ethnic group in literature like a field study. “Purananooru” is an ethnographic study of each ethnic group. Purananooru is a record of the vast land where various ethnic groups lived in friendship and enmity with each other. Such an anthropological record is worth examining in terms of the geography of the “Purananooru”. When one looks at those who have worked with hunting as their livelihood, their culture and social importance can be understood in the habitats of the hunters, Dietary products, hunting knowledge, feasting, and the way of eating. Their ethnography can be identified through the record of Vedars found in “Purananooru” who lived there, and may have become hunters. Later they were included in the armies of the kings and became small land Lords. It can be felt that there was a great fascination for the profession of hunting and a great disdain for the hunters of that profession. Songs in Sangam Literature record that knowing the forest and knowing the animatics of animals and birds became the life knowledge of the hunters. The materials they use exhibit their living culture. Hence, the article aims to study the Ethnography of Veddas found in “Purananooru”.

Keywords: Ethnography, Veddas, Purananooru.

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15. இறையனார் அகப்பொருள் இறுதி நூற்பா - இடைச்செருகலா?

முனைவர் பா. ஜெய்கணேஷ்

Is Iraiyanaar Agaporul's Final Stanza an Interpolation?

Dr. B. Jaiganesh

Abstract

The ancient grammar text Tolkappiyam paved the way for many new grammar texts in detail in later periods. Chapters on Love brought new texts such as “Iraiyanaar Agapporul”, and “Nambiyakapporul”, chapter on war brought Puraththinai Iyal, chapters on poetics brought texts like Yaapparungalam and Yapparungala kaarikai etc. Regarding love life, Iraiyanar has written in the book “Iraiyanaar Agapporul”. This is not a primary text, it is a secondary text following “Tolkappiyam”. This secondary text relates religion and the Pandiya Kingdom as a reason for its new arrival.  The commentary for the book gives vivid explanations for all the Stanzas. The commentator was skilled enough to give life to the book for centuries through his exemplary comments for the original text. There are 60 Sutras in “Iraiyanaar Agaporul”, as indicated by the book published for the first time in 1883 by Dr. C.V. Damodaram Pillai. Literary historians and researchers who studied it later documented the same.  In 1916 Bavaanandam Pillai published the same text and he mentioned the last definition i.e. the 60th was not found in the original manuscript or palm script.  Professor A. Damodaran who published the same text in 2013 after scrutinizing all the palm scripts confirmed that the 60th sutra and definition were not found in any scripts. Then how this 60th stanza (Noorpa) and definition was included in the text? To find a solution to this problem, this article tries to discuss the facts related to it and the discussions based on it.

Keywords: Iraiyanaar Agaporul, Final Stanza, Interpolation?

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16. சங்க அகப்பாடல்களில் வரைவு

வி. ஜெபா ஷாலினி, முனைவர் அ. சஜன்

Sanga Agappadalgalil Varaivu

W. Jaba Shalini, Dr. A. Sajan

Abstract

The chastity section was constructed to talk about the interior lifestyle of the Tamil people during the Sangam period. It presents the inner life of man and woman in detail, centred on the interior. Gang life is also seen as a male-centred life.  The Adolescent-centred (Inner Life) life is not predicated in males but widely spoken after puberty is predicated in females. In Sangam literature, where love was the main theme, love gave women the right to take up their life. When the Thalaivan (leader) started picking flowers at the initiative of his friend and mother, he went towards the lover (Thalaivi) who did not respond to the leader's question because of shyness. The elders brought them together finally and they got married with the help of a lady friend. For this, the day sign and the night sign became the domain. Ambal Alar dispels division of matter, allakuri, concentration, fanaticism. The factional leadership caused great suffering due to the interference in the region. This also led to the marriage. In the absence of a female who wants to live with her husband after marriage, she forgets her duty and reduces her intimacy with her mother. A friend asks for a draft in an environment where it is impossible to continue hidden love because of excitement. During the Sangam period, however, chastity was seen as socially sanctioned Charity and harmony are seen through chastity. There are also variations in the marriage rituals according to the sub-community. It is the idea of this essay that the marriage (Varaivu) ritual has been essential to a chaste life and became the moral code value in Tamil society.

Keywords: Kazhavu, Karppu, Thalaivi, Thozhi, Hidden Love, Marriage.

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17. கேரளத்தில் தமிழ்க்கல்வி

முனைவர் அ. ஹெப்சி ரோஸ் மேரி

Tamil Education in Kerala

Dr. A. Hepsy Rose Mary

Abstract

Kerala was a part of the ancient Tamil Nadu. They were having close ties in culture and language. Sangam Literature lies as a testimony to the connection between Tamil Nadu and Kerala. There are 350 songs related to Chera Country in Sangam Literature. Now, Kerala is a place of multi-ethnic and multi-lingual people living together. Even though the language spoken in Kerala is Malayalam, it can be seen that there is an environment of learning and teaching other languages from school education onwards. In this way, people speaking many languages live together, there are many cultural changes occur among them. This article discusses the history of Kerala Tamizhians and the context of learning Tamil in Kerala from schooling to graduation; It also examines the reasons behind the majority of Tamizhians dropping out of Tamil education and this article also aims to highlight the methods to make them learn Tamil.

Keywords: Tamil Education, Kerala, Samgra Siksha, Srertha.

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