திருக்குறளின் பன்முகச் சிந்தனை
தொகுதி - 3, சிறப்பிதழ் 1 ஜீலை 2020
Articles-1-10
வாழ்த்துரை
குறள்நெறிக் கழகம் "திருக்குறளின் பன்முகச் சிந்தனை" என்ற பொருண்மையில் கருத்தரங்கம் நடத்தி அதை எமது ஆய்விதழ் வாயிலாக வெளிக்கொணர ஒப்புதல் அளித்த குறள்நெறிக் கழகம், விருதுநகர் நிர்வாகத்தினர் அனைவருக்கும் நன்றி. கருத்தரங்கத்தின் ஓர் அங்கமாக தமிழ்மொழி மற்றும் இலக்கிய பன்னாட்டு ஆய்விதழ் (IJTLLS) செம்மையாய் செயல்பட்டு ஆய்வுக் கட்டுரைகளை இணையத்தில் பதிப்பு செய்து உள்ளது. எதிர்காலத்தில் தமிழ் ஆராய்ச்சிகளை உலக அரங்கத்திற்கு எடுத்துச் செல்ல ஓர் ஆய்வுக்களமாக எமது இதழ் செயல்பட்டு வருகிறது. அதற்கு தமது உறுதுணை அளித்த அனைவருக்கும் நன்றி. கருத்தரங்கில் தமது ஆய்வை செம்மை நிறுத்தி திருக்குறளின் பன்முகச் சிந்தனை என்ற பொருண்மையில் கிடைத்த தரவுகளை கட்டுரைகளாக வழங்கி சிறப்பித்த தமிழ் பேராசிரியர்கள், எழுத்தாளர்கள், தமிழ் ஆர்வலர்கள் மற்றும் ஆராய்ச்சி மாணவர்களை மனதார பாராட்டுகிறோம்.நன்றி.
-பதிப்புக்குழு
1. திருக்குறளில் இனிது
முனைவர் க. அன்பழகன்
Good and Sweetness (Inidhu) in Thirukkural
Dr. K. Anbalagan
Abstract
Thirukkural is well known across the globe for it’s morality and universality. Different perspectives of Thirukkural is constantly being the subject of research. In Thirukkural, multiple couplets across different chapters and sub-chapters tend to end with identical words like inidhu, peridhu, aridhu, perin etc. Although these end words were identical, contextual meaning of the same word differ from each couplet. Among those words, here we like to discuss the differential usage and the corresponding contextual meaning of the word ‘inidhu’. As semantics is a non redundant part of the modern lexicography, understanding the versatile use of word ‘inidhu’ in a classical tamil literature like Thirukkural is inevitable. Although the concept of semantics may not be there during the period of Thirukkural, it is fascinating that Thirukkural provides opportunity and space to imply such modern research approaches. This paper use this opportunity to explain the contextual meanings of the word inidhu with examples.
Keywords: Good, Sweetness, Inidhu, "Thirukkural"
References
[1] Thirukkural, Parimezhakar Urai, Puliyur Kesikan (Patippaciriyar). Poombukar Pathippakam, Chennai, 8th Edition, 2001.
[2] T. Pattusamy Othuvaar (Patippaciriyar) Thirukkural Uraikkothu, Arathupaal, Thiruppananthal Mutt Publications, 1960.
[3] T. Pattusamy Othuvaar (Patippaciriyar) Thirukkural Uraikkothu, Porutpaal, Thiruppananthal Mutt Publications, 1960.
[4] T. Pattusamy Othuvaar (Patippaciriyar) Thirukkural Uraikkothu, kamathuppaal, Thiruppananthal Mutt Publications, 1961.
[5] Paavalareru S. Balasundaram, Thirukkural Thelivurai, Ulakat Thriukkura. Peravai, Thanjavur, 3rd Edition 2015.
[6] Prof. K.V.Balasubramanian, Thirukkural Meyyurai, Uma Nuul Veliyeetakam, Thanjavur, First Edition, 2010.
[7] Rev.Dr G.U.Pope, Thirukkural, Uma Nuul Veliyeetakam, Thanjavur, August, 2005.
[8] Rev.Drew & John Lazarus, The Teachers’ Publishing House, First edition, 1949.
[9] Kalaka Tamil Akarathi, Kalaga Puzhavar Kuzhu, Saivasiddantha Noorpathippu Kalagam, Chennai, 19th Edition, 2004.
[10] Kiriyavin Tharkala Tamil Agarathi, Virivakki Thirithia Pudiya Pathippu, Tamil-Tamil-English, Chennai, Reprint, 2009.
[11] English – Tamil Dictionary, University of Madras, 1992.
[12] Dr. K.Anbalagan. Sollum Porulum, K.G Publications, Tanjavore, 2002.
[13] Bharathiyar Kathaigal, Moolamum Thelivuraiyum, Varthamanan Pathipagam. Chennai, 2019.
2. திருக்குறளும் மருத்துவமும்
முனைவர் க.கமலா
Thirukkural and Medicine
Dr.K.Kamala
Abstract
Many Tamil literatures were occurred during the Sangam period. It started and continued from Second Century to Fifth Century. They consisted of the noble thoughts for the people. In view of medical ideas, “Thirukkural” one of the Pathinenkeel Kannakku Noolgal attained a special attention for its noble ideas. Some medical names were used to write some poems including “Thirikadugam”, “Elaathi”, and “Sirupanjamoolam”. Thiruvalluvar, the famous Tamil Poet had mentioned a few diseaseas and how to cure them. These were clearly mentioned in his famous couplets. “Thirukkural” says right food is right medicine. Untidy and neatness were obviously mentioned in the “Thirukkural”. So that Thirukkural is well known diadactic treatise for common people. The aim of this article is that reader would know it better than others.
Keywords:Thirukkural, Medicine, Valluvar, Medical Practice
References
[1] Thiru.T.S.Balasundaram. “Aasarakkovai.”, Saiva Sidhandhak kazhkam, Chennai.
[2] Thiru.T.S.Balasundaram. “Sivagasinthamani Pathumaiyar Elambagam.”, Saiva Siththanthak kazhkam, Chennai.
[3] T.RejithKumar. “NeedhiVenpa, Ara Ilakkiyangal in Tamil.”, Kallure Asseriyar Kurarith Tamilsangan, Nagerkovil.
[4] K.P.Aravaanan. “Putheya Parveil Padhinenkeezhkanakku.”, Mudhumozhikanji,Tamizhkottam, Ayyavu Resident, Aminjikarai, Chennai.
[5] A.Manikkam.M.A., Manivasakar. “Sirupanjamoolam”. 31,singar Street, ParrysCorner,Chennai.
[6] Thiru.T.S.Balasundaram. “Thirikdugam.”, saivasiththanthak kazhkam, Chennai.
[7] Thirumoolar’s. “Thirumandhiram.”, Kanichaaru.blogspot.com, www.pasumaikudil.com.
[8] Editor,M.Sanmugapillai. “Thol Poruladhigaaram.”,ParrysCorner Chennai.
[9] Avvaiyar’s Needhi Noolgal. “Moolamum Thelivurayum.”, D.P.Chinnasami Naachiyar Padhippagam, Chennai.
3. வள்ளுவரின் குறள்களில் மொழிக்கட்டமைப்பு
ம.சுகுணா
Valluvar’s Construction of Linguistic Structure
M.Suguna
Abstract
“Thirukkural” provides moral philosophy for human developments at various levels based on societal proprietary and individual disciplines. It precisely says about the ever green facts which are for all times, for any nations, for any religion, whose conspectus are all being accepected without any negotiations that is so called the unique and distinct features as “The Universal books”. In general, a books is in the form of creativity are own concepts to establish in the world. It is based on its author’s individual society place, depends on the author’s religion and then additionally in the world view, but uniqueness of the “Thirukkural” reveals about the common and essential facts to all the people without having and special identification as mentioned above even though whose concepts and suggestions are generalized, words are selected from common ground and constructed only though not to belong any special identification but for similarities. This papers aim is to analyse the use of language and its commonness and suggestions in “Thirukkural”.
Keywords:“Thirukkural”, Linguistic Structure, Lexical & Gramatical Homonymy
References
[1] Ramamoorthy L. "Tamil Ilakkiyangal kattavizhppum kattamaippum.", kavya pathippagam, Chennai.
[2] Constandin Fadin. “kalaiyum Mozhiyum (Transtlation) Vidiyal pathippaam.”, Chennai.
[3] Natarasan T.S. “Thiranayvu kalai.”, New centuary book house, Chennai.
[4] Parimalazhagar vurai. “Thirukkural.”, Bharathi pathippagm.
[5] Vathanayagam R. “Thiruvalluvamalai.”, Manimagalai Pirasuram.
[6] Mathaiyan P. “Agarathiyiyal.”, Tamil University, Thanjavur.
[7] Murugarathnam T. “Valluvar vaguththa poruliyal karuththaranga katturaigal.”, Madurai University.
4. திருக்குறளில் பேச்சுக்கலையின் கூறுகள்
முனைவர் வெ.சிவசங்கர்
Oration Skills in Thirukkural
Dr.V.Sivasankar
Abstract
Speech serves as an instrument to man to convey his thoughts. It is a great opportunity that humanity is blessed with. The art of speech is to make others follow what an individual has in mind .We can learn of nuances of speech and exchange of ideas from a vast body of literature. Learning such intricacies of speech in “Tirukkural” after the stance of Tiruvalluvar is the purpose of this paper. Apart from the varied states of speech, its nature and specialities, the significance of the art of speech is also vividly vivified. “Tirukkural” which is considered the sacred text of world literature deals with the myriad nature of speech. The first chapter that deals with the nature of speech is titled "Iniyavai Kooral" (The Utterance of Pleasant Words). In the ten couplets, the poet explains the sweetness of pleasant words on being uttered. Bringing out the skills of oration and good speech is the idea of this paper.
Keywords:Oration Skills, Thirukkural
References
[1] Muṉaivar.Pā.Civanēcaṉ. “Ilakkiya iyakkaṅkaḷiṉ kūṟukaḷum tākkaṅkaḷum.”, Cāratā patippakam, Chennai. First edition 2014.
[2] Munaivar. P,Murugan. “Sevillakiyangal panmuga parrvai thokuthi 1.”, Kangarani Pathipagam, Chennai. First edition 2017.
[3] Sa. Sivakami. “Thamizar vazviyal.”, Madhavi Pathipagam, Chennai. First edition 1998.
[4] Sa. Krishamurthi. “Tamilialakiya vakaimaiyiyal thokuthi 1.”, Ulaga Tamil Arrachi Niruvanam, Chennai. First edition 2005.
[5] Ra. Rajendren. “Tirukkuṟaḷ teḷivāṉa eḷiya urai.”, Thirumagal Nilayam, Chennai. May 2000..
[6] N. Ramlingam. “Thirukural telivurai aangila aakathudan.”, Thiruvalluvar Pathipagam, Chennai. First edition 2009.
[7] Illankumaranar. “Thirukural vazviyal urai.”, Vallallar Pathipagam, Poolur. Second edition 2017.
[8] Ka .Anbazlagan. “Niingalaum pechchalar aagalam.’, Pompukar Pathipagam, Chennai.Third edition 1995.
[9] Aa.Ki. Paranthamanar. “Pechalaraka.”, Pari Nilaiyam, Chennai. Second edition 2016.
[10] Ku.Nanasamndhan. “Pesum kalai.”, Vijaya Pathipagam, Kovai. First edition 2008.
5. வள்ளுவரின் மருத்துவச் சிந்தனைகள்
பா.சீனிவாசன்
Valluvar’s Medical Thoughts
B.Srinivasan
Abstract
The period from the 3rd to the 6-th century is known as the “Sanka Maruya” period. During this period, Pathinenkeelkanaku appeared with the advent of Samana and Buddhism. These texts address the evils of murder, theft, lying, illiteracy and lust. Scholars at that time were doctors and psychologists. That is why they say that excessive diseases are caused by improper diet, alcohol consumption and anger. In the Pathinenkeelkanaku, they are named as Eladhi, sirupanjamoolam, and Thrikadukam, which are said to spread the disease through air, heat and water. In his ten verses, Valluvar describes the medical ideas of today's modern medical practitioners. The purpose of this study is to find them and make this world known.
Keywords:Valluvar, Medicinal Thoughts, Food, Medicine.
References
[1] Parimelaḻakar Urai. "Thirukkural.", Palaniappa Brothers, Chennai.2017.
[2] Kalaignar Urai. "Thirukkural.", Thirumagal Nilayam, Chennai.2010.
[3] Ku. Mohanarasu. "Tiruvaḷḷuvar oru Maruthuvar.", Manivasagar Pathippakam, Chennai.
[4] Pulavar Chinnasami. "Thirukkuralil Maruthuvam.", Manivasagar Pathippakam, Chennai./p>
[5] Doctor.L.Ramasamy. "Thirukkuralil Marunthu."
[6] Doctor.Kathir.Murugu. "Mathurakkanji.", Saradha Pathippagam, Chennai.2013.
[7] Puliyur Kesigan. "Purananuru.", Saradha Pathippagam, Chennai.2019.
[8] Doctor.Kathir.Murugu. Neethi Venba. Saradha Pathippagam, Chennai.2007.
[9] Malar. "Thirukkural Kattum Maruthuvam.", Oor Ayivu.
[10] R.Mariyappan. "Tiruvaḷḷuvar oru Mana Nalla Maruthuvar."
[11] http://www.tamilvu.org/.
6. பேராண்மை என்ப தறுகண்
முனைவர் தே. தேன்மொழி
Peraanmai Yenba Tharukann
Dr. D. Thenmozhi
Abstract
Both warfare and traditional technique fighting in the Sangam Period belonged to an ethical method. Tamil people divided life into two ways. One is an inner life (Agam) and another is an outer life (Puram). An Inner life talks about war and culture. They formed their own principles while fighting in the war. Their rules were honest. During war, they would tight from morning to evening. During night time, both rival parties would take rest. They particularly beat drums to start war in the morning. They did same in order to stop fighting. It was not matter how long the war goes on. The soldiers never attacked enemy soldiers when they did not have swords. Such a noble principle was followed. Moreover, enemy soldiers would be given a chance to come next day with the swords. On the other hand, soldiers would not kill or attack hinding soldiers. They would wait for them till hinding soldiers came to the battle field. This was the noble principle which Tamil people followed in their life. The compassion was prevailed among the Tamil People. Soldiers would show mercy when an enemy soldiers lost there or lost half of their soldiers. They always would like to maintain honour, or self respect and dignity forever. They were very careful not to bring dishonour to their family and community generally a human being has five enemies in him. One of them is sex. Tamil people primarily controlled sex themselves. They never aspired a wife of another man. Therefore, the aim of and this article is to highlight such great ethics of the Tamil people with Thiruvalluvar’s quote.
Keywords:Thirukural, Neethi Ilaikkiyam, Peraanmai, Magnanimousness.
References
[1] Avvai Duraisamy Pillai. "Purananooru.", Tamizh Mann Pathippagam. Chennai.
[2] R.K.Sanmugam Chettiyar. "Silappathigaram.", Puthumalar Nilayam Velieedu. 1946.
[3] Manakudavar Vurai. "Thirukural.", (published meiyappan) manivasagar pathippagam. 1946.
[4] Dr. R. Sarangabani. "Thirukkural.", Parimelazhagar vurai. Manivasagar pathippagam. 2003.
[5] Thirukkural. "Parimelazhagar Vuraiyudan.", Sri Kasi madam. Thiruppanandhal. 1978.
[6] Valluvar. "Thirukkural.", Tamil Nadu.com (April 013).
[7] N.Krishnasamy Naidu. "Sathuragarathi.", E. MA. Gobala Krishna Kon Velieedu. 1928.
[8] Thirukural. "Thirukural.", gokulnath.com.(internet).
[9] Tamil Lexicon. Google Books. Retrieved. 25 Dec 2014.
[10] Agara Muthali. Tamil Wikipedia. (internet).
[11] Tamil Thagaval Kalanchiyam. Valai tamizh.com.
[12] Thivagara Munivar. "Senthan Thivagaram.", Kazhaga Velieedu.
[13] Kriyavin Tamizh Agarathi. "Kriya Pathippagam." 2008.
[14] Agara Mudhali. "Sentamizh Sorkalanchiyam." (internet).
[15] Tamilpulavar.org.(internet).
[16] tam.wiktionary.org(internet).
[17] Marinabooks.com(internet).
[18] kural.pro(internet).
[19] Valaitamizh.com.(internet).
[20] Tha.ma.vellai Varanam. Purapporul Venba Malai. Thiruppanandhal Mada velieedu. 1967.
7. திருக்குறளில் காதலும் காத்திருப்பும்
முனைவர்.மு.ரா.மஜிதா பர்வின்
Love and Awaiting in Thirukkural
Dr.M.R.Majitha Parveen
Abstract
The centre concept of “Thirukkural” is life with virtues. Love is considered one of the truest literature considering beloved’s longing for the lover and the lover’s longing for the beloved has been projected in a virtual manner. As a diadactic literature “Thirukkural” presents love with poetry with fine sensations of life. Men and women love to be together with great thoughts and ideas dedicating themselves for one another. The soul is connected to virtue and the body is connected with lust. These two are fundamentals of human life. Thiruvalluvar has spoken in the power of kamathuppaal, the love, the medium of ensuing lust. Hence, the article ponders over the chosen topic.
Keywords:Love, Awaiting, Thirukkural.
References
[1] Aravindan.m.v. “Sanga ilakkiyamum thirukkuralum.”, Muthu pathippagam, valavanoor. 1970.
[2] Ramasamy.A.V. “Thirukkural tharum uvamai inbam.”, selvi pathippagam, kaaraikudi. 2000.
[3] Kirushnan.p. “Thirukkural thelivurai.”, Paavai publications, Chennai-14. 2003.
[4] Chidambaram.v.o. “Thirukkural.”, Paavai publications, Chennai-108. 2008.
[5] Jeyapal.r. “Akananuru.”, New chenjury book house b.lit., Chennai. 2011.
[6] Thatchinamoorthy.,A. “Ayngkurunuru.”, New chenjury book house b.lit., Chennai,2011.
[7] Thevaneyapavanar.j. “Thirukkural tamil maraburai.”, Sri hindu publications, Chennai-38. 2011.
[8] Nagarajan.v. "Kurunthogai.”, New chenjury book house b.lit., Chennai. 2011.
[9] Vairamuthu. “intha pookal virpanaikku alla.”, kizhakku publication, Chennai-14. 2009.
8. வள்ளுவர் கூறும் வாழ்வியல் நெறிமுறைகளும் “குன்னிமுத்து" நாவலும்
யா.லலிதா & முனைவர். கோ.சி.கோலப்பதாஸ்
Valluvar’s Life Ethics and the Novel “Kunnimuthu”
Y.Lalitha & Dr.Kolappadhas
Abstract
Valluvar’s Life Ethics and the Novel “Kunnimuthu” is a research article title that describes Valluvar’s Life virtues, Education, Discipline, Humanism, Friendship, Lovingness, Refinement, Hospitality, that all are connected and described in the writer Kumaraselva’s “Kunnimuthu” Novel. The novel relates and connects all the ethics based on Vilavancode region. Valluvar’s life and ethics has been revealed in the characters of the novel which has been explored in this article. Valluvar’s Life values are the basic norms of genuine human life. By following the life ethics, the human society will live meritorious and cheerfully and be as golden examples to the future generations.
Keywords:Valluvar, Life Ethics, Novel “Kunnimuthu”.
References
[1] Pa.Valan Arasu. "Thirukural vilakkam.", suriya pathipagam, 41 tha.mu.kattidam. thirunelveli-627001.
[2] neya.manikavasahan. "Naladiyaar.", uma padhipagam, 18 171. Pvalakkaratheru, manmade, Chennai 600001, muthal pathippu july.1993.
[3] kumaraselva. "Kunnimuthu.",kalasuvadu pathipagam, nagercoil 629001. Muthal pathippu. December.2012.
[4] vithuvan thurai. "Pathinenkilkanakku.", eraasaaram, mullai nelaiyam, 9 parathi nagar muthal theru the.nagar Chennai-17.
[5] so.kurusami. "Elakia valviyal neri.", thamarai publications (p)ltd, 41- sidco industrial realestate, amathoor, Chennai- 600098. Muthal pathipu, july,2009.
[6] kaich. "Purananuuru kurum ariya uraigal.",eramasami, manivasahar pathipagam. 31 sankar theru paarimunai. Chennai-800108. Muthal pathippu 2004.
9. திருக்குறள் காட்டும் அறிவிலிகள்
முனைவர் அ. விமலாராணி
Thirukkural on Foolishness
Dr.A.Vimalarani
Abstract
The research article entitled “Thirukkural on Foolishness” is written with the view of bringing out the mind of foolish men that has been taken from pluralistic thoughts in Thirukkural. Two chapters “Naivete” and “Simplemindedness” in Thirukkural are chosen as the specific areas of research. Naladiyar (meaning “Four-Lined Stanzas”) composed by Jain saints, Inna Narpathu (“Evil Forty”) by Kabilar, “Moothurai” (“Proverbs by Elderly and Experienced People”) and “Thanipaadal Thirattu” (“Single Verses Collection”) by Avvaiyar, and “Narunthokai” by Athiveeraramapandiyar are used as secondary sources for this study. This paper has been written to clarify the following concepts: who ignorant/foolish people are, characteristic features of their actions, nature of friendship with ignorant/foolish people, the fortune/providence of ignorant/foolish people along with the distress/disaster they would end up in, due to their ignorance/foolishness).
Keywords:Thirukkural, Foolishness, Human Life.
References
[1] THIRUVALLUVAR. “THIRUKURAL”, K. Mohanarasu, Manivasagar Publishers, 31, Singer street, Parrys, Chennai – 108, First edition – Jan – 1994.
[2] Ativīrarāmapāndiyar. "Narunthokai", Needhinoolgal.blogspot.com, December – 2012.
[3] Neethinoolgal Valaipathivu.com, December-2012. http://jagadhguru-needhinoolgal.blogspot.com/2012/12/91.html.
[4] Auvaiyar. "Moodhurai." http://www.edubilla.com/tamil/moothurai/.
[5] Kapilar. "Innanarpadhu.", D.Thandapani, Uma Publishers, 18, Pavalakara street, Mannadi, Chennai – 600001, First Edition – December – 2010.
[6] Sangam Poets. "Thiruvalluva Mallai.", https://ta.wikipedia.org/s/ai2.
[7] G.Manikkavasagan. Jain Saint Poets, "Naladiyar.", Uma Publishers, 18, Pavalakara street,Mannadi, Chennai – 600001, First Edition – December – 2010.
[8] Pulavar A. Manikkam. "Thanipadal Thirattu.", Poombuhar publisher, 63, Broadway, Chennai – 108, Fourth Edition – July – 1996.
10. வள்ளுவன் கண்ட (ஒரே ) தொழில்
முனைவர் கா.ஸ்ரீதர்
The Only Occupation Seen by Thiruvalluvar
Dr.K.Sridhar
Abstract
The first occupation of humanity is Ploughing. The one and only occupation described by ‘POIYAMOZHI PULAVAN’ valluvan is Ploughing. The farmers explained by Valluvan lived like – ‘Irappar’ ‘Irapparkku onru Evaar’,‘Uzhuthundhu valvarre Valvar’ (‘farmers are the ones who gives food to the people otherwise they die’, ‘the one who thinks farming is divine could do the famimg in life’). But in this 21 st century, the government ignores the peasants. The traders fix the price for the cultivated products of the farmers. The loss of income due to the natural disaster, lack of income for labour, lack of value in the society make the educated young generation of farmers look for some other fields other than cultivation. This article aims at explaning the solution for the above.
Keywords:Occupation, Farming, Thiruvalluvar.
References
[1] S.Vinoth & K.Sridhar. “Anjiraith thumbi ithal vol. 1.”, Anjiraith thumb Pathibbaham, virudhunagar. 626 001.
[2] S.Tamil selvi . “Aarukaattuth thuRai (Noval).”, NCBH Chennai.
[3] J.Srichandran. “Silabbathikaaram.”, Varththamaanan Pathibbaham, Chennai.
[4] Mukkoodarballu, Gowra Puthaga Maiyam, Chennai.
[5] ki.vaa.Jagannathan. “Thirukkural Aaraychi pathippu.”, Rama Kridhna Mission Vidyalaya, Coimbatore.
[6] Baa. Valan Arasu. “Thirukkural.”, Suriya Pathibbaham, Tirunelveli.
[7] Banbattuk katturaikal, Devaneya Pavanar.
[8] Pura naanoor, NCBH Chennai.
[9] https://www.facebook.com/927318660709202/posts/1208094379298294.
[10] http://poovulagu.in/?p=468.